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Note: This is the 2021鈥2022 eCalendar. Update the year in your browser's URL bar for the most recent version of this page, or .
Program Requirements
This M.Sc. in Experimental Surgery (Non鈥怲hesis) offers a graduate鈥恖evel training program in core fundamentals of modern surgical research. The program is based primarily on academic course work and short projects. It is designed to be flexible and provide students the opportunity to gain core disciplines whilst allowing training opportunities in more specific areas such as global surgery, innovation, education, or as the interest of the students dictates. The individual research interests of the faculty cover a wide spectrum, from injury, repair, recovery, tissue engineering, transplantation, fibrosis, cancer and stem cell biology, biomechanics, and organ failure, to surgical simulation, surgical innovation, education, and evaluative/outcomes research. Importantly, the project(s) is performed in a collaborative spirit with basic and clinician scientists working together using interdisciplinary approaches to solve the most challenging problems in the field of surgery. Upon graduation, students will have acquired core skills on statistics, knowledge management, biomedical research, epidemiology as well as education, global surgery, and innovation.
Required Courses (21 credits)
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EXSU 500 Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
(3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Introduction to artificial intelligence (AI) applied to issues in medical diagnosis, therapy selection and learning from health data. Various AI methods, electronic medical records, and ethical/security concerns. Machine learning approaches including deep learning and reinforcement learning without delving too deeply into the technical details.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Barralet, Jake; Fevens, Thomas (Fall)
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EXSU 602 Knowledge Management 2 (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Critical elements required for the creation and delivery of digital slide presentations.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Lapointe, Jacques; Gawri, Rahul (Winter)
3 hours/week
Compulsory for students in the Department of Surgery and available to others by permission of the coordinators
Restriction: Not open to students who have taken EXSU 601, 601D1/D2, 601N1/N2 prior to Fall 2019.
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EXSU 622D1 Surgery Research Project 1 (6 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Immersion into a specific research area and completion of a project. Students will learn to develop a project and to demonstrate skills essential for analysis, evaluation and project management.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructors.
Students must also register for EXSU 622D2
No credit will be given for this course unless both EXSU 622D1 and EXSU 622D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms
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EXSU 622D2 Surgery Research Project 1 (6 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Immersion into a specific research area and completion of a project. Students will learn to develop a project and to demonstrate skills essential for analysis, evaluation and project management.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Prerequisite(s): EXSU 622D1 and Permission of instructors.
No credit will be given for this course unless both EXSU 622D1 and EXSU 622D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms
And:
3 credits from:
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EDPE 575 Statistics for Practitioners (3 credits)
Overview
Ed Psych & Couns (Psychology) : Understanding and interpreting basic statistical procedures used in basic and applied research, including graphs, measures of central tendency and variability, hypothesis testing, and correlations, t-tests, and basic ANOVA designs.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Robinson, Kristy (Winter)
Prerequisite EDPE 602
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EPIB 507 Biostats for Health Sciences (3 credits)
Overview
Epidemiology & Biostatistics : Basic principles of statistical inference applicable to clinical, epidemiologic, and other health research. Topics include: methods of describing data, statistical inference for means, statistical inference for proportions, non-parametric statistics, correlation and introduction to linear regression.
Terms: Fall 2021, Summer 2022
Instructors: Liu, Shuo Shuo (Fall) Rahme, Elham (Summer)
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor
Restriction: Restricted to students registered in the Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Human Nutrition, Medical Residents, and Clinical Fellows.
Course not opened to students registered in the Epidemiology and Biostatistics programs.
Due to the intensive nature of this course during the summer session, the standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines do not apply. Add/drop is the third lecture day and withdrawal is the sixth lecture day. The standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines apply for sections of this course offered during the Fall or Winter semesters.
Due to the intensive nature of this course, the standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines do not apply. Add/drop is the third lecture day and withdrawal is the sixth lecture day.
-
EXSU 606 Statistics for Surgical Research (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Review of statistics for surgical research.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Dragomir, Alice (Fall)
2 hours/week
Compulsory for students in the Department of Surgery and available to others by permission of the coordinators
Complementary Courses (21 credits)
3 credits selected from:
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EXSU 603 Surgical Education Foundations (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Critical overview of key educational and educational psychology theories and assessment principles to guide surgical education. Different surgical education environments analyzed and evaluated using theory, empirical evidence, and assessment practices.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Harley, Jason (Fall)
Since course is interactive, enrollment is capped at 12.
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FMED 525 Foundations of Translational Science (3 credits)
Overview
Family Medicine : An overview of multidisciplinary research that bridges significant gaps between basic, clinical medicine and public policy that enables a translation of knowledge to practice.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Hebert, Terence (Winter)
Language of Instruction: English.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor if graduate student is outside the department
Restriction(s): Open to graduate students in the Department of Family Medicine
6 credits selected from:
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EDPE 637 Issues in Health Professions Education (3 credits)
Overview
Ed Psych & Couns (Psychology) : An overview of health professions education issues, including: learning and assessment in the clinical setting, medical core competencies, design, delivery and evaluation of health professions education programs, organization & management of health professions education programs and systems, organizational change and leadership, clinical reasoning and decision making, interdisciplinary education.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Snell, Linda (Winter)
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EDPH 689 Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (3 credits)
Overview
Ed Psych & Couns (Collegial) : Students will develop an understanding of teaching and learning as a process in which instruction is based on the learning to be accomplished. Students will design, develop, and evaluate a university course of their choice, and will develop facility and confidence in using teaching methods appropriate to their domains.
Terms: Fall 2021, Winter 2022, Summer 2022
Instructors: Bateman, Dianne (Fall) Bateman, Dianne (Winter) Bateman, Dianne (Summer)
Due to the intensive nature of this course, the standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines do not apply. Add/drop is the third lecture day and withdrawal is the sixth lecture day.
-
EPIB 521 Regression Analysis for Health Sciences (3 credits)
Overview
Epidemiology & Biostatistics : The aim of this course is to provide students with basic principles of regression analyses applicable to the health sciences so that they can understand and use appropriate statistical regression techniques for continuous and discrete data. The course will cover: Linear regression: Regression for two or more explanatory variables, Polynomial regression, Dummy variables, Inference for regression parameters, Confounding and collinearity, Effect modification, Model-checking, Model selection, Prediction. Logistic and Poisson regression: Logistic regression for one or more variables, Interpreting odds ratios, Inference for logistic and Poisson regression parameters, Confounding and interactions in logistic regression, Model selection, Prediction. A very brief overview of survival analysis.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Douwes-Schultz, Dirk (Winter)
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EXSU 505 Trends in Precision Oncology (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Introduction to the emerging paradigms in cancer detection, management and treatment.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Labb茅, David; Garzia, Livia (Fall)
Restriction(s): Open to all students in the Faculty of Medicine but priority will be given to students in the Department of Surgery and the Department of Oncology if the number of registered students exceeds the projected enrolment.
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EXSU 620 Surgical Innovation 1 (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : The process of surgical innovation and acquisition of hands-on skills necessary to work within a multi-disciplinary team in the creation of a novel, need driven, and marketable prototype used in the care of the surgical patient. This is the first of a 3 part course introducing concepts and performing needs analyses.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Barralet, Jake; Mwale, Fackson (Fall)
Corequisite(s): EXSU 619
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructors.
Restriction(s): Course requires entry to surgical theatre; this is subject to hospital approval.
1) Students may be subject to interview.
2) Contact hours 46.5 , 31.5 hours lectures, 15 hours workshops and hospital visits.
3) Language of instruction: English, French available.
4) Minimum number 6, maximum 30
5) Subject to completion of medical requirements/immunization record.
6) Professional conduct and dress required at all times in hospital visits when in potential contact with patients.
-
EXSU 621 Surgical Innovation 2 (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : This course builds on key concepts and needs screening delivered and generated in EXSU 620 to develop hands-on skills necessary to work within a multi-disciplinary team in the creation of a novel, need driven, and marketable prototype used in the care of the surgical patient.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Barralet, Jake (Winter)
Prerequisite(s): EXSU 620
Restriction(s): Course requires entry to surgical theatre, this is subject to hospital approval.
Students may be subject to interview.
Contact hours 47 consisting of 23 hours lectures, 24 hours hospital visits and presentation.
Language of instruction: English, French available.
Minimum number 6, maximum 20.
Subject to completion of medical requirements/immunization record.
Professional conduct and dress required at all times in hospital visits when in potential contact with patients.
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PPHS 528 Economic Evaluation of Health Programs (3 credits)
Overview
PPHS : Concepts and methods used to carry out economic evaluations of health programs and interventions, including public health interventions, pharmaceuticals, and other health care interventions. Includes topics such as calculation of unit costs, measurement of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and assessment of uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Latimer, Eric A (Fall)
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken EPIB 528.
No prior background in economics is required.
Open to graduate students and advanced undergraduates from all departments.
Note: Students either take EDPE 637 and EDPH 689; or EPIB 521 and PPHS 528; or EXSU 620 and EXSU 621.
12 credits selected from:
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ANAT 690D1 Cell and Developmental Biology (3 credits)
Overview
Anatomy & Cell Biology : Current developments in molecular cell biology and developmental biology will be presented by course coordinators and staff from primary papers in the scientific literature. These will be researched and critiqued by students through oral and written presentations. Two term papers are required for students taking the course.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Bechstedt, Susanne; Autexier, Chantal; Lamarche, Nathalie; Reinhardt, Dieter; Bui, Khanh Huy; Strauss, MIke (Fall)
Students must register for both ANAT 690D1 and ANAT 690D2
No credit will be given for this course unless both ANAT 690D1 and ANAT 690D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms
-
ANAT 690D2 Cell and Developmental Biology (3 credits)
Overview
Anatomy & Cell Biology : See ANAT 690D1 for course description.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Bechstedt, Susanne; Kennedy, Timothy E; Autexier, Chantal; Stifani, Stefano; Ortega, Joaquin; Zeytuni, Natalie (Winter)
Prerequisite: ANAT 690D1
No credit will be given for this course unless both ANAT 690D1 and ANAT 690D2 are successfully completed in consecutive terms
-
BMDE 653 Patents in Biomedical Engineering (3 credits)
Overview
Biomedical Engineering : This is a practical course on patents with emphasis on biomedical engineering applications. The course offers an overview of intellectual property, patents, and the patenting process. The course also provides insights into the strategies relating to commercialization and exploiting of patents, as well as enforcing patents. This course is designed to help biomedical engineers who will encounter patents in their work and needs to understand the nature and the scope of the patent system, how patents are obtained, and how to commercially exploit a patent.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Angers-Nguyen, Pierre Tam (Winter)
-
BMDE 654 Biomedical Regulatory Affairs - Medical Devices (3 credits)
Overview
Biomedical Engineering : Regulatory strategies and quality management systems are critical for medical device development. This course provides an overview of regulatory requirements, and familiarize students with the important ISO and IEC standards pertaining to medical device development. This course will provide biomedical engineers with an understanding of the regulatory and quality requirements to translate a medical device idea into a commercial product, and will draw upon the expertise of invited speakers currently working in the medical devices industry.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Kroo, Danny (Fall)
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BMDE 655 Biomedical Clinical Trials - Medical Devices (3 credits)
Overview
Biomedical Engineering : This course will train biomedical engineers to understand the clinical and business aspects of transferring a medical device idea into a commercial product. This course provides an overview of the pre鈥恈linical and clinical testing of medical devices, clinical trials, reimbursement systems, market analysis, sales models, and business models, as pertaining to medical devices. This course will also cover the design of randomized trials, including statistical principles, hypothesis postulating, bias minimization, and randomization methods.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Haidar, Ahmad (Winter)
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DENT 669 Extracellular Matrix Biology (3 credits)
Overview
Dentistry : Advanced topics on extracellular matrix biology with emphasis on matrix molecules and their effects on cell communication, tissue structure and integrity.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Kaartinen, Mari Tuulia; Reinhardt, Dieter (Fall)
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DENT 673 Biotechnology and Entrepreneurship (3 credits)
Overview
Dentistry : Introduction to entrepreneurship including academic discovery in biomedical sciences, to the development of intellectual property, and eventually to organization of a startup company and capitalizing on research in the biotechnology sector.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Note 1: Limited to 15 students. Enrollment maximum to be reviewed after 1 year.
Prerequisite: Permission of instructor.
Restriction: Open to graduate students in medicine, surgery, biomedical sciences, engineering, science, dentistry.
-
EDPE 637 Issues in Health Professions Education (3 credits)
Overview
Ed Psych & Couns (Psychology) : An overview of health professions education issues, including: learning and assessment in the clinical setting, medical core competencies, design, delivery and evaluation of health professions education programs, organization & management of health professions education programs and systems, organizational change and leadership, clinical reasoning and decision making, interdisciplinary education.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Snell, Linda (Winter)
-
EDPE 687 Qualitative Methods in Educational Psychology (3 credits)
Overview
Ed Psych & Couns (Psychology) : The logics of design and selection of phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, case study and mixed design methods with emphasis on data analysis in light of issues of research purpose, epistemology, reliability and validity.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Ruglis, Jessica (Winter)
-
EDPH 689 Teaching and Learning in Higher Education (3 credits)
Overview
Ed Psych & Couns (Collegial) : Students will develop an understanding of teaching and learning as a process in which instruction is based on the learning to be accomplished. Students will design, develop, and evaluate a university course of their choice, and will develop facility and confidence in using teaching methods appropriate to their domains.
Terms: Fall 2021, Winter 2022, Summer 2022
Instructors: Bateman, Dianne (Fall) Bateman, Dianne (Winter) Bateman, Dianne (Summer)
Due to the intensive nature of this course, the standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines do not apply. Add/drop is the third lecture day and withdrawal is the sixth lecture day.
-
EPIB 641 Substantive Epidemiology 1 (1 credit)
Overview
Epidemiology & Biostatistics : Designed to give students an overview of a major disease or health problem. Students will develop their knowledge of a topic regarding 1) key definitions, concepts and indicators useful in study of the problem; 2) epidemiology of problem; 3) major studies of interventions designed to address the problem. Topics currently offered include cancer, injury prevention and heart disease but not all are offered in each semester.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Due to the intensive nature of this course, the standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines do not apply. Add/drop is the second lecture day and withdrawal is the third lecture day.
-
EPIB 643 Substantive Epidemiology 3 (1 credit)
Overview
Epidemiology & Biostatistics : Designed to give students an overview of a major disease or health problem. Students will develop their knowledge of a topic regarding 1) key definitions, concepts and indicators useful in study of the problem; 2) epidemiology of problem; 3) major studies of interventions designed to address the problem. Topics currently offered include cancer, injury prevention and heart disease but not all are offered in each semester.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Due to the intensive nature of this course, the standard add/drop and withdrawal deadlines do not apply. Add/drop is the first lecture day and withdrawal is the second lecture day
-
EPIB 681 Global Health: Epidemiological Research (3 credits)
Overview
Epidemiology & Biostatistics : A review of selected epidemiological research focussing on global health and disease topics. Research will be mostly from developing countries and research methods will be highlighted. Case studies will be used to illustrate specific applications and challenges.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Prerequisite: With permission of instructor.
-
EXMD 609 Cellular Methods in Medical Research (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Medicine : Different cellular methods used in biomedical research, including spectroscopic, microscopic and immunological techniques as well as statistics. Lectures, some demonstrations by faculty as well as short seminars given by the students.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Rousseau, Simon; Divangahi, Maziar; McCusker, Christine T; Smith, Benjamin; Bateman, Andrew; Laporte, Stephane; Baglole, Carolyn; Fritz, J枚rg; Fonseca, Gregory; Ding, Jun (Fall)
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EXMD 610 Molecular Methods in Medical Research (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Medicine : Different molecular methods used in biomedical research, including chromatography, purification and analysis of proteins and nucleic acids, various techniques in molecular biology, transgenic technology, and stem cells. Lectures, some demonstrations, and short seminars given by the students.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Rousseau, Simon; Peterson, Alan; Bateman, Andrew; Turcotte, Bernard; Fixman, Elizabeth Dee; Nilsson, Tommy; Rocheleau, Christian; Murshed, Monzur; Haglund, Lisbet; Fonseca, Gregory (Winter)
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EXSU 601 Knowledge Management 1 (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Critical elements required for the preparation and evaluation of abstracts and full-length manuscripts.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Haglund, Lisbet; Rosenzweig, Derek (Fall)
3 hours/week.
Compulsory for students in the Department of Surgery and available to others by permission of the coordinators.
Restriction: Not open to students who have taken EXSU 601, 601D1/D2, 601N1/N2 prior to Fall 2019.
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EXSU 605 Biomedical Research Innovation (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Introduction to the novel and/or emerging technologies in the field of biomedical research.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Petropavlovskaya, Maria; Merle, G茅raldine (Winter)
2 hours/week
Compulsory for students in the Department of Surgery and available to others by permission of the coordinators
-
EXSU 620 Surgical Innovation 1 (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : The process of surgical innovation and acquisition of hands-on skills necessary to work within a multi-disciplinary team in the creation of a novel, need driven, and marketable prototype used in the care of the surgical patient. This is the first of a 3 part course introducing concepts and performing needs analyses.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Barralet, Jake; Mwale, Fackson (Fall)
Corequisite(s): EXSU 619
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructors.
Restriction(s): Course requires entry to surgical theatre; this is subject to hospital approval.
1) Students may be subject to interview.
2) Contact hours 46.5 , 31.5 hours lectures, 15 hours workshops and hospital visits.
3) Language of instruction: English, French available.
4) Minimum number 6, maximum 30
5) Subject to completion of medical requirements/immunization record.
6) Professional conduct and dress required at all times in hospital visits when in potential contact with patients.
-
EXSU 621 Surgical Innovation 2 (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : This course builds on key concepts and needs screening delivered and generated in EXSU 620 to develop hands-on skills necessary to work within a multi-disciplinary team in the creation of a novel, need driven, and marketable prototype used in the care of the surgical patient.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Barralet, Jake (Winter)
Prerequisite(s): EXSU 620
Restriction(s): Course requires entry to surgical theatre, this is subject to hospital approval.
Students may be subject to interview.
Contact hours 47 consisting of 23 hours lectures, 24 hours hospital visits and presentation.
Language of instruction: English, French available.
Minimum number 6, maximum 20.
Subject to completion of medical requirements/immunization record.
Professional conduct and dress required at all times in hospital visits when in potential contact with patients.
-
EXSU 623 Surgery Research Project 2 (6 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : Immersion into a specific research area and completion of a short project. Students will learn to develop a project and to demonstrate skills essential for analysis, evaluation and project management.
Terms: Fall 2021, Winter 2022, Summer 2022
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructors.
-
EXSU 684 Signal Transduction (3 credits)
Overview
Experimental Surgery : A study of signal transduction.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Philip, Anie; O'Flaherty, Cristian (Fall)
2 hours/week
Restriction: Open to graduate students with prerequisites and U3 undergraduates with special permission
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FMED 619 Program Management in Global Health and Primary Health Care (3 credits)
Overview
Family Medicine : Program management design, theory, methods and practical applications in both domestic and global health settings, with a focus on primary health care in order to achieve rapid scale-up of effective health interventions towards universal coverage while strengthening health systems for sustained impact.
Terms: Winter 2022
Instructors: Bergevin, Yves (Winter)
Prerequisite(s): Permission of instructor if graduate student is outside the department
Restriction(s): Open to graduate students in the Department of Family Medicine
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PHGY 518 Artificial Cells (3 credits)
Overview
Physiology : Physiology, biotechnology, chemistry and biomedical application of artificial cells, blood substitutes, immobilized enzymes, microorganisms and cells, hemoperfusion, artificial kidneys, and drug delivery systems. PHGY 517 and PHGY 518 when taken together, will give a complete picture of this field. However, the student can select one of these.
Terms: This course is not scheduled for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Instructors: There are no professors associated with this course for the 2021-2022 academic year.
Fall
Prerequisite (Undergraduate): permission of instructors.
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PHGY 550 Molecular Physiology of Bone (3 credits)
Overview
Physiology : Students will develop a working knowledge of cartilage and bone. Discussion topics will include: molecular and cellular environment of bone; heritable and acquired skeletal defects; research models used to study metabolic bone disease.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Murshed, Monzur; Rauch, Frank; Siegel, Peter; Komarova, Svetlana; Tiedemann, Kerstin; Moffatt, Pierre; Marulanda Montoya, Juliana; Ferron, Mathieu; Willie, Bettina; St-Arnaud, Rene; Stone, Laura (Fall)
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PPHS 511 Fundamentals of Global Health (3 credits)
Overview
PPHS : This exciting and interactive course aims to give students the opportunity to broaden their understanding and knowledge of global health issues, including global burden of diseases, determinants of health, transition in health and drivers of such transition, challenges in healthcare delivery in resource-limited settings, and the variety of agencies and actors engaged in addressing global health challenges. The course consists of lectures, case studies, debates, discussions and small group work.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Pai, Madhukar (Fall)
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PPHS 529 Global Environmental Health and Burden of Disease (3 credits)
Overview
PPHS : This course presents the grand challenges in global health from environmental and occupational risks along with the multi-disciplinary methods used to identify, control, and prevent them. It will introduce students to knowledge and skills in core disciplines of environmental health and approaches to environmental risk recognition, control and prevention in a global context.
Terms: Fall 2021
Instructors: Weichenthal, Scott Andrew (Fall)
Restriction(s): Not open to students who have taken EPIB 529.
1. Permission of instructor required for undergraduate students.
2.This course is open to graduate students and advanced undergraduates from all departments.
3. Previous coursework in statistics and environmental science is useful, though not required.
Electives (3 credits)
3 credits taken from 500-, 600-, or 700-level courses at the University will be taken with the approval of the director of the program/adviser.