Resisting the flu
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Like many other battles, fighting the flu is a combination of both control and defence.
On the one hand, on the control end of the process, our immune system comes into play to prevent the virus from replicating inside our cells, and attacking with increasing strength. At the same time, on the defensive side, our bodies need to actively resist the destruction and harmful cell death that is caused by the virus. 听
By investigating the role played by cIAP2 in mice with the H1N1 influenza A virus, what Saleh and her team discovered was that the enzyme is necessary to control the nature of cell death during influenza infection. They found that cIAP2, which functions by modifying and activating survival factors in the cell, steers the body away from an inflammatory and auto-destructive process known as necrotic death. The enzyme is, in effect, a gatekeeper of cell death.
In its absence, the same factors that depend on cIAP2 to keep the cell alive, reveal a destructive side and induce a harmful form of cell death. cIAP2 therefore not only protects the infected cells from dying in such a manner, but also protects uninfected neighbouring cells in the same tissue. By doing so, this enzyme increases the resistance of the lung to influenza infection and associated pathology.
The researchers believe that the identification of this pathway of resistance to flu opens a number of avenues for future drug development. Ian Rodrigue-Gervais is a post-doctoral fellow in Prof. Saleh鈥檚 lab and one of the authors on the paper. According to him, what is truly exciting about this discovery is that it suggests that it may be possible to suppress features of flu-inflicted tissue injury. 鈥淲hat we saw in this study is that if the enzyme cIAP2 is present, the host can better tolerate the infection and then reduce the illness.鈥澨
This research was funded by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Fonds de recherche en sant茅 du Qu茅bec (FRSQ), the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology (CAG)/Abbott, the Strauss Foundation, the Kidney Cancer Association and the National Institutes of Health.听
To read the full article, 鈥楥ellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein cIAP2 regulates pulmonary tissue necrosis and host survival to influenza A virus infection鈥 by Rodrigue-Gervais et al in Cell Host & Microbe:
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Researcher contacts for French and English interviews
Team leader: maya.saleh [at] mcgill.ca
Post-doctoral researcher: ian.rodrigue-gervais [at] mail.mcgill.ca
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Image caption: Lung tissue from cIAP2-deficient mice showing effects on epithelial cells of influenza infection
Image credit: Claudia Champagne, 苹果淫院