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Global Health Now - Wed, 04/17/2024 - 09:34
96 Global Health NOW: New Mpox Lineage Raises Alarm in DRC; UK Advances 鈥楽moke-Free Generation鈥 Plan; and A 鈥楴ew Era鈥 in the Drug-Resistant TB Fight April 17, 2024 People gather at the entrance of a mine in Kamituga, a town grappling with an mpox outbreak. South Kivu, DRC, September 12, 2020. STRINGER/AFP via Getty New Mpox Lineage Raises Alarm in DRC

As the DRC struggles to contain a deadly mpox outbreak, a 鈥渟udden and unusual鈥 mutation is worrying researchers who warn it could spread internationally, .

The stage: The DRC is already battling the deadly clade 1 mpox strain, which has led to 4,500+ cases and 300 deaths this year, .

The new lineage, 鈥渃lade 1b,鈥 has led to 241 suspected cases primarily in the densely populated mining town of Kamituga near the Rwandan border, according to a paper.

  • It appears to be better at spreading between people, primarily via sexual contact. It can also evade detection by some tests.

A need for close monitoring: While further research is needed, the paper鈥檚 authors say the strain has 鈥減andemic potential,鈥 .

  • The paper was at the center of an Africa CDC meeting convened last week. 

  • 鈥淭his is not just a Congo-centric issue, this is not just a sub-Saharan Africa issue, this is a global issue,鈥 said Jason Kindrachuk, the paper鈥檚 co-author.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   More than half of all preventable maternal deaths occur in countries in a state of crisis or distress鈥攚ith African women 130X more likely to die from complications of pregnancy or childbirth than European and Northern American women, per a new UN Population Fund .

China鈥檚 government is subsidizing the manufacturing of fentanyl materials, making them 鈥減rime movers鈥 in the illicit drug trade that is fueling the U.S. overdose crisis, per a new U.S. congressional committee report.

Nestl茅 adds sugar and honey to its infant milk and cereal products distributed in many poorer countries鈥攇oing against international guidelines that seek to prevent obesity, per a new from Swiss investigative organization Public Eye.

New limits on silica exposure have been announced by U.S. officials in an attempt to make conditions safer for miners and stone cutters; government estimates show the new rules could prevent 1,000+ deaths and ~4,000 cases of silica-related illness. SMOKING UK Advances 鈥楽moke-Free Generation鈥 Plan  
U.K. lawmakers voted to advance a landmark tobacco ban that would be one of the world鈥檚 strictest鈥攅ssentially making it illegal to sell tobacco or vapes to anyone born in 2009 or later, the .
 
The bill, aimed at creating Britain鈥檚 鈥渇irst smoke-free generation,鈥 is similar to New Zealand鈥檚 law that was repealed in February after a change in government, .
  • Once it takes effect in 2027, no sales will be allowed to anyone born after Jan. 1, 2009, and the smoking age will rise by one year each year.

  • The plan also bans the sale of disposable vapes and limits flavor options.
More steps are needed before it becomes law, such as votes in the House of Lords鈥攂ut the bill could become law within the year, per the BBC.
 
Several members of the House of Commons who voted against the bill argued that it would fuel black market sales and limit personal freedom鈥攂ut Health Secretary Victoria Atkins said, 鈥淭here is no liberty in addiction,鈥 adding, 鈥淭he vast majority of smokers start when they are young, and three quarters say that if they could turn back the clock they would not have started.鈥 GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES TUBERCULOSIS A 鈥楴ew Era鈥 in the Drug-Resistant TB Fight
BPaL鈥攚ith its 90%+ cure rate against drug-resistant tuberculosis after six months鈥攊s rolling out in the Philippines, Vietnam, and Indonesia.

Why this matters: Most of the world鈥檚 10.6 million TB cases in 2022鈥攁nd more than half of that year鈥檚 1.3 million deaths鈥攚ere in the Asia-Pacific region.

Until recently, treating the 3% of new TB cases that resist commonly prescribed drugs has been difficult. 
  • A full course of daily injections and pills takes 18 months or more, and many patients don鈥檛 stick with it, due to financial burden and side effects.
Challenges remain: Social stigma of TB and access to BPaL are two major ones.

OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS Will Africa be the next continent to abolish the death penalty? 鈥

Sudan鈥檚 unsung heroes: Protecting people living with and affected by HIV amidst conflict and famine 鈥

Common HIV treatments may aid Alzheimer's disease patients 鈥

US FDA warns of harmful reactions to fake Botox injections 鈥

Nunavut sets up mobile tuberculosis clinic in Naujaat as outbreak grows 鈥

A blood test to detect cancer? Some patients are using them already. 鈥

Obesity drugs aren鈥檛 always forever. What happens when you quit? 鈥

DeSantis signs bill banning local heat protections for workers 鈥 Thanks for the tip, Cecilia Meisner! 

One scientist neglected his grant reports. Now U.S. agencies are withholding grants for an entire university 鈥 (free registration required) Issue No. 2518
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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World Health Organization - Wed, 04/17/2024 - 08:00
African women are 130 times more likely to die due to pregnancy or childbirth complications than women in Europe and Northern America, the UN sexual and reproductive health agency (UNFPA) said in a new report published on Wednesday.
Categories: Global Health Feed

Global Health Now - Tue, 04/16/2024 - 09:37
96 Global Health NOW: Two Maternal Mortality Fails; Vietnam's Unvaccinated Animal Crisis; and Kenya鈥檚 Struggle to Make Motorcycles Safer April 16, 2024 Midwife Topchin Job Goro checks Maryam Mohammed鈥攚ho was 38 weeks pregnant with her eighth child鈥攊n a Ngala, Nigeria, clinic. October 11, 2018. Lynsey Addario via Getty Two Maternal Mortality Fails
It鈥檚 stunning and tragic: ~82,000 Nigerian women died from pregnancy-related complications in 2020.

The causes, writes Kasia Strek in a , are familiar:
  • Severe hemorrhage.
  • High blood pressure (pre-eclampsia and eclampsia).
  • Unsafe abortion.
  • Obstructed labor.
Why are so many Nigerian women dying? 鈥溾 lack of trust in a broken public healthcare system and little political will to fix it,鈥 per doctors and activists.
  • Nigeria has just one doctor for every 4,000鈥5,000 people (far below WHO guidelines that advise one doctor per 600 people).
  • The government allocates just 5% of the federal budget to health care, while the UN recommends 15%.
  • Few Nigerians live near well-resourced medical centers and many are forced to pay in advance for care鈥攕o many women don鈥檛 bother with prenatal check-ups.   
Meanwhile in the U.S.:
  • Maternal deaths are lower (at 1,205 in 2021), but unlike other wealthy countries, the deaths are increasing, .
  • Nationwide, the maternal mortality ratio for Blacks is 2.6X higher than for whites. In New York, it鈥檚 9X.
  • ~90% of maternal deaths in Georgia from 2018 to 2020 were preventable, per a .
Solutions include greater access to doulas, Black doctors, group prenatal care, and Medicaid. GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Tanzania, Rwanda, and Zimbabwe are joining three other African countries in recalling Johnson & Johnson children鈥檚 cough syrup after Nigerian regulators found it contained dangerous levels of diethylene glycol, which has been linked to dozens of child deaths since 2022.

The Biden administration announced plans to help 50 countries identify and respond to infectious diseases, including developing better testing, surveillance, communication, and preparedness aimed at preventing pandemics.
 
New Pregnant Workers Fairness Act
protections finalized yesterday will give most U.S. employees access to unpaid time off to recover from childbirth or to access an abortion, along with other pregnancy-related conditions including miscarriage, gestational diabetes, and lactation.
 
U.S. melatonin makers were asked to voluntarily add child-deterrent packaging and stronger cautionary labeling within two years, per the , following a sharp jump in after accidentally ingesting the over-the-counter sleep aid. DATA POINT RABIES Vietnam's Unvaccinated Animal Crisis
In Vietnam, a surge in rabies has killed 29 people this year鈥攁nd health officials warn more deaths are likely as the disease 鈥渇lourishes鈥 in Vietnam鈥檚 dog meat trade. Driving factors: 

Unvaccinated animals: Vietnam has low dog vaccination rates, per the WHO; and the nation鈥檚 dog and cat meat trade 鈥渆ncourages this mass production of dogs who aren鈥檛 vaccinated,鈥 said Lola Webber, director of Humane Society International鈥檚 Ending Dog Meat campaign.
  • 5 million dogs and 1 million cats are trafficked and slaughtered in Vietnam each year.
Lack of interventions: In remote areas, people who are bitten often can鈥檛 access vaccines or lifesaving therapeutics.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES ROAD SAFETY Kenya鈥檚 Struggle to Make Motorcycles Safer
Across Kenya鈥檚 urban areas, motorcycles have become the primary mode of transport for millions:
  • The number of boda-boda motorcycle taxis has doubled since 2017鈥攏ow up to 2.2 million. 
But with that increase has come a surge of motorcycle fatalities鈥攁ccounting for 35% of Kenya鈥檚 road fatalities last year. 

A lack of helmet-wearing is a primary factor, doctors say.
  • On high-risk roads in Nairobi just 63% of riders and 15% of passengers wore helmets.
Potential interventions:
  • Kenya鈥檚 first helmet-testing lab is currently in the works. 

  • Advocates are working with manufacturers to make high quality helmets for a lower cost. 
CHOLERA Vaccines Can鈥檛 Keep Up
Doses of cholera vaccine are being 鈥渁llotted before they are even produced鈥 as the global stockpile evaporates amid ongoing outbreaks. 

The stockpile has been low for years鈥攁nd outbreaks have now spread to 17 countries, including Syria, Afghanistan, and Zambia.
  • As of February, ~9,300 cases and ~1,100 deaths were reported globally鈥攍ikely a 鈥済ross underestimate.鈥 
The good news: The only company currently making the vaccine, South Korea鈥檚 EuBiologics, has worked at a 鈥渉eroic鈥 pace to expand offerings; and three new vaccine makers are setting up production lines. 

And yet: The total global supply of vaccines available this year will be, at best, a quarter of what is needed.

OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS Is brain drain limiting Africa鈥檚 genomics potential? 鈥

Biden expands gun background checks, a critical step toward curbing gender-based violence 鈥

Even after successful TB treatment, evidence found of lasting lung damage 鈥

More than 250 websites selling fake weight-loss drugs reported by anti-counterfeit firm 鈥

Teasing children about weight increases risk of self-stigma as adults, study finds 鈥

In Bangladesh, a new way to map typhoid promises to aid vaccination strategy design 鈥

In Two States, Transforming the Model for Palliative Care 鈥

Pets pass antibiotic-resistant 'superbugs' to humans 鈥 Issue No. 2517
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Global Health Now - Mon, 04/15/2024 - 09:35
96 Global Health NOW: One Year into Sudan鈥檚 鈥楩orgotten鈥 War; Outbreak Prep for All; and Alcohol Label Debate ~10,000 deaths a day could occur within months if famine takes hold. April 15, 2024 Smoke billows from a fire at a lumber warehouse in southern Khartoum amid ongoing fighting on June 7, 2023. AFP via Getty One Year into Sudan鈥檚 鈥楩orgotten鈥 War 
In the year since civil war erupted in Sudan, the country has spiraled into 鈥渙ne of the worst crises the world has seen for decades鈥濃攚ith hunger, mass displacement, and violence leading to 鈥渆xtreme levels of suffering,鈥  said M茅decins Sans Fronti猫res President Christos Christou.

And yet: 鈥淭he humanitarian response is deeply inadequate,鈥 Christou said. 

Among the crises unfolding across the country: 

Famine: ~10,000 deaths a day could occur in the coming months if famine takes hold, analysts say鈥攑utting it on course to 鈥渞ival some of the world鈥檚 worst humanitarian disasters of recent memory,鈥 .

Aid cut off: Aid and food distribution agencies are unable to reach regions in acute crisis, including Darfur, .

Mass displacement: The war has led to one of the world鈥檚 鈥渓argest and most complex,鈥 displacement emergencies, , with ~8.6 million people forced from their homes. 

Health care collapse: Only 20鈥30% of the nation鈥檚 health facilities are functional, .

Atrocities: There continue to be widespread reports of 鈥渞ampant sexual violence,鈥 particularly in the area of the capital and the western region of Darfur鈥攚here the International Criminal Court said it was investigating crimes against humanity.

Related:

France, Germany and EU mark anniversary of Sudan war with funding push 鈥

Sudan conflict: A front-row seat to my country falling apart 鈥

For a full year, the bodies have piled up in Sudan 鈥 and still the world looks away 鈥 鈥 GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Nigeria, a meningitis hotspot, has become the first country to introduce a 鈥渞evolutionary鈥 five-in-one vaccine that protects against five major strains of the meningococcal bacteria.
 
Children鈥檚 younger nose cells may be better at fighting off SARS-CoV-2, a suggests; researchers analyzing nose lining cells from healthy people from different age groups鈥攗nder-12s, 30-50 year olds, and over 70s鈥攆ound that aging adult nose cells contained 100X more virus in the first few days after an infection.
 
China鈥檚 fur farms carry 鈥渁 high risk鈥 of animal-to-human disease transmission, per a Humane Society International investigation of five fur farms housing foxes, raccoon dogs, and mink.

Researchers documented an abrupt post-Dobbs increase in permanent contraception procedures among adults aged 18 to 30 years鈥攂ut the shows that the increase in women getting tubal ligations was 2X that of men having vasectomies. GHN EXCLUSIVE Q&A Officials deposit a bat they caught into a plastic bag. Kozhikode, India, September 7, 2021. C.K. Thanseer/DeFodi Images via Getty Outbreak Preparedness for All
At the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, the global population got a crash course in public health for the first time in living memory. 

Problem: Public health processes and roles were not always explained well, and terms were often misused, revealing how much still needed to be learned.

New book: , uses plain language and case studies from across the globe to clarify and demystify outbreak preparedness, response, and recovery for 鈥渁rmchair epidemiologists鈥 and public health professionals alike.

GHN spoke with co-authors Rebecca Katz, director of the Center for Global Health Science and Security at Georgetown University Medical Center, and Mackenzie Moore, a PhD candidate and Wellcome Trust Scholar at University of Edinburgh, about their quest to make outbreak knowledge accessible, how COVID was like the 鈥淭wilight Zone,鈥 and the rewards of an effective outbreak response, whether it鈥檚 against a at a mountain biking race in Canada, or containing cases of Ebola.  

The Quote: 鈥淚t鈥檚 exciting because it saves lives,鈥 says Katz.


  GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES HEALTH EQUITY Vaccine Hub Pivots 
The WHO鈥檚 was launched in 2021 to promote COVID-19 vaccine equity鈥攁llowing manufacturers in 15 middle-income countries to produce mRNA vaccines for their own regions.   

But as demand for the COVID-19 vaccine dries up, vaccine-making efforts are now being turned to other targets, explains Amy Maxmen in the first of a that she guest edits about efforts to boost pharmaceutical production in developing countries. 

One example: Afrigen Biologics & Vaccines in Cape Town, South Africa, developed an mRNA COVID-19 vaccine within a year of the hub鈥檚 launch鈥攂ut since the market has stalled for that vaccine, the company is now working to develop mRNA vaccines for tuberculosis and HIV.

Long road: Researchers say that it could take a decade for such new vaccines to come to market鈥攎aking the economics of the hub uncertain. 

POLICY A Label Debate
Starting in 2026, alcohol sold in Ireland will be required to have warning labels stating that drinking is linked to cancer and liver disease. And other countries are considering similar approaches. 
  • Only one in three Americans know drinking alcohol increases the risk of cancer.

  • One in four countries requires health warning labels for alcohol. 
Efficiency: During a study in Yukon, Canada, the sale of alcohol with warning labels fell by 7%. 

Opposition: Alcohol businesses are fighting back against the Irish labeling system.
  • Additionally, 11 alcohol export countries, including the U.S., have also questioned the credibility of the warning and whether it infringes on free trade. 
QUICK HITS Trafficked war babies of El Salvador search for their long-lost families 鈥

German commission recommends legalizing abortion 鈥

EU probe of weight loss and diabetes drugs like Wegovy, Ozempic finds no link to suicidal thoughts 鈥

Houston hospital halts liver and kidney transplants as it investigates 鈥榠nappropriate changes鈥 to patient records 鈥

Tobacco firms lobbying MPs to derail smoking phase-out, charity warns 鈥嬧嬧

Childhood verbal abuse costs global society $300 billion annually, study finds 鈥嬧嬧

Virginia bill would give alternate licensing path to foreign doctors 鈥

Younger people in wealthy New York City areas snatched up COVID vaccine reserved for seniors 鈥 Issue No. 2516
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, Jackie Powder, Aliza Rosen, and Rin Swann. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Global Health Now - Fri, 04/12/2024 - 09:31
96 Global Health NOW: Desperate Dilemmas in Blood Deserts; Hair Relaxers Remain Popular Despite Risks; and Ah, Paris! Where Dreams and Day Jobs Collide April 12, 2024 Fatuma Haji (2nd R) donates blood following Friday prayer at the Jamia Mosque, in Nairobi, Kenya. January 18, 2019. Yasuyoshi CHIBA/AFP via Getty Desperate Dilemmas in Blood Deserts
Hospitals depend on blood as an essential medicine. But in the world鈥檚 鈥渂lood deserts,鈥 treatable conditions like postpartum bleeding and trauma can be fatal.
  • Billions of people worldwide live in such deserts鈥攚here there's not enough blood in at least 75% of medical cases, per a published last month in Lancet Global Health. 

  • Nearly every country in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia struggles with blood deficits.
That leaves doctors weighing desperate measures to save lives, including the most popular鈥攂ut controversial鈥攎ethod:
  • Walking blood banks, in which blood is drawn from pre-identified community members鈥攕ometimes the patients鈥 own doctors. However, the practice is still illegal in many countries, and the WHO also recommends against it except in acute situations.
Other methods being adopted:
  • Blood delivery by drone.

  • Autotransfusion, which uses a patient鈥檚 own blood that pools during procedures instead of discarding it.
鈥淓xtreme blood scarcity in much of the world is not an impending, catastrophic event, but the current status quo,鈥 said Nobhojit Roy, a retired rural surgeon from India.

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Dengue deaths in Peru have tripled this year鈥攚ith 117 deaths attributed to the virus this year compared with 33 in the same period of 2023.

A spike in U.S. measles cases this year threatens the disease鈥檚 elimination status, the CDC warned in its most recent ; infections rose 17X compared to the first-quarter average from 2020 to 2023.

Timor-Leste鈥攁 country otherwise classified as rabies-free鈥攔eported its first fatal human case of rabies in March, the ; the country has seen nearly 30 suspected human cases this year.
 
Nearly a quarter of K-12
teachers reported experiencing a gun-related lockdown last year, per a ; 69% said that improving mental health screening and treatment would be the best way to prevent school shootings. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH Hair Relaxers Remain Popular Despite Risks
In the U.S., thousands of lawsuits have been filed against manufacturers who make hair relaxers鈥攃iting the use of chemicals linked to cancer. 

But throughout Africa, chemical hair straightening has continued to surge in popularity:
  • Tunisia, Kenya, and Cameroon were among countries leading worldwide sales growth for perms and relaxers from 2017 to 2022, per market research firm Euromonitor. 
  • Sales in Tunisia and Kenya jumped 10% over the same five years, and South Africa and Nigeria also saw increased usage. 
Worrisome ingredients, no warnings: Many relaxers contain the carcinogen formaldehyde, along with endocrine disruptors like phthalates, parabens, and bisphenol A that are correlated with uterine and breast cancer. 

GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH Are 鈥極besity Letters鈥 Effective?
In the U.S., where ~20% of children were considered obese as of 2020, schools have struggled with interventions. 

One tool 24 states have adopted since the early aughts is screening every child鈥檚 BMI and sending results home to parents in a letter. 
  • Advocates argue that such screening could be critical for families who do not have access to a pediatrician. 
But: Studies show that such letters have little to no effect on weight loss.
  • Arkansas was the first state to use such BMI reports, starting in 2003. But over 20 years, the state's childhood obesity rates have risen to nearly 24% from 21%.
And yet: Health practitioners and parents continue to advocate for the letters, saying they are critical to increasing awareness of obesity.

FRIDAY DIVERSION Ah, Paris! Where Dreams and Day Jobs Collide  
While music was Germano Cecere鈥檚 first love, his family urged him to do something more sensible. So, he settled for studying epigenetics at a place where 鈥渨orld-altering discoveries鈥 are made: the Pasteur Institute in Paris, .
 
Turns out, many Institute peers harbor similar dreams of a rock 鈥榥鈥 roll lifestyle. Its cafeteria now throws down for concerts featuring music nerds from across the scientific community. It鈥檚 a welcome respite for researchers 鈥渄isappointed with science,鈥 one doctoral student/crooner pointed out.
 
Also in Paris鈥攖he Tour des Gar莽ons! The race for waiters who鈥檝e always dreamed of 鈥 walking really fast. In the event, for some reason sponsored by the city鈥檚 water utility, hundreds of participants race through the City of Lights holding trays of croissants and glasses鈥攏o running, no two-handed carries, and no lost pastries allowed, the . 

Tickets to this summer鈥檚 Olympics are one prize, but the one every waiter likely covets the most: the gift certificate to a fancy restaurant where someone else serves them. QUICK HITS The Push for a Better Dengue Vaccine Grows More Urgent 鈥

Nigeria: 10 Years After Chibok, Schoolchildren Still at Risk 鈥

COVID vaccines not linked to cardiac death in young people: CDC study 鈥

HIV Inequities, the Therapeutic Alliance, Moral Injury, and Burnout: A Call for Nurse Workforce Participation and Action 鈥

How Ohio鈥檚 GOP governor sells public health: Don鈥檛 call it that. 鈥

Tom Frieden: To rebuild trust in public health: Better communication, fewer mandates, and small wins 鈥
 
The Sober-Curious Movement Has Reached an Impasse 鈥

Is ChatGPT corrupting peer review? Telltale words hint at AI use 鈥 Issue No. 2515
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, and Jackie Powder. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

Please send the Global Health NOW free sign-up link to friends and colleagues:

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World Health Organization - Fri, 04/12/2024 - 08:00
Nigeria has become the first country to roll out a 鈥渞evolutionary鈥 five-in-one vaccine against meningitis, the World Health Organization (WHO) said in a statement on Friday.听听
Categories: Global Health Feed

Global Health Now - Thu, 04/11/2024 - 09:22
96 Global Health NOW: Climate Extremes Linked to Stroke Deaths; 鈥楲andmark鈥 Environmental Legal Wins; and Depression Surges Among Iranian Doctors Strokes linked to high and low temperatures have been increasing worldwide since 1990 April 11, 2024 An auto-rickshaw driver wets his head at a roadside tap to get relief from a heatwave in Dhaka, Bangladesh, on April 6. Rehman Asad/NurPhoto via Getty Climate Extremes Linked to Stroke Deaths  
500,000+ stroke deaths in 2019 have been connected to extreme temperatures worsened by climate change, .
  • Strokes attributed to high and low temperatures have been increasing worldwide since 1990, according to the study by researchers from Xiangya Hospital Central South University of 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019, .
  • A hotter world caused by climate change may lead to more stroke deaths.
  • Low temperatures led to more stroke deaths: 474,000 in 2019, per the study. 
Location is important:
  • Stroke deaths are more common in areas with higher levels of poverty and weak health systems.
  • The study also noted a surge in stroke deaths in Central Asia linked to higher temperatures.
Caution: The study doesn鈥檛 prove that climate change causes stroke; it only shows an association, .
 
The Quote: 鈥淚 really think that group did a very nice job of taking a global approach looking at historic data and to draw attention to a health issue that I think [is] not really getting a lot of attention,鈥 said Harvard Medical School鈥檚 Mary Rice.
 
Related: Searing heat is back across Southeast Asia and it鈥檚 not going away anytime soon 鈥 GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners
Canada looks set for another 鈥渃atastrophic鈥 wildfire season following a warmer-than-usual winter and with drought and more warm temperatures forecasted for the months ahead, officials warned yesterday.

Whooping cough cases in China reached 32,000+ in January and February, a 20X increase over the same period last year; while China provides free whooping cough vaccines, booster shots are not required.
 
Moderna has put on hold plans to build mRNA vaccine plants in Kenya amid dwindling demand for COVID-19 shots; the company announced plans in 2022 to invest some $500 million in the Kenyan facility and supply some 500 million doses of its mRNA vaccines to Africa each year.
 
Cuban officials warned of rising illegal drug use yesterday, especially among youth, amid the country鈥檚 economic crisis; Cuba has long prided itself on a zero-tolerance policy for drug use and tight controls on narcotics trafficking and use. CLIMATE JUSTICE 鈥楲andmark鈥 Environmental Legal Wins 
Two major wins in international courts are forcing governments to take accountability for environmental inaction鈥攁nd are setting new precedent for litigation鈥檚 role in climate justice. 

A Peruvian city prevails: The Inter-American Court of Human Rights last month ruled that Peru was responsible for the physical and mental harm inflicted by a metallurgical plant鈥檚 pollution on people in La Oroya, Peru鈥攐ne of the 鈥渕ost polluted cities on Earth,鈥 . 

A win for Swiss women: The European Court of Human Rights ruled that the Swiss government鈥檚 inaction made citizens vulnerable to climate change-fueled heat waves, in a human rights case brought by more than 2,000 Swiss women, . 

Wider implications: Advocates say both rulings set key precedent for communities around the world impacted by environmental contamination, and that climate litigation will be an increasingly important tool to force governments and corporations to enact climate protections.  GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES MENTAL HEALTH Depression Surges Among Iranian Doctors
In Iran, resident doctors (medical school graduates in training) face high rates of depression and suicide. 
  • 30% consider suicide, according to Vahdat Shariat of the Iranian Psychiatric Association.
  • And in Tehran, 25% suffer from severe depression.
During their three- to five-year residency, the young doctors report working 30-hour shifts, receiving low and delayed payment, and encountering 鈥渉umiliation鈥 from supervisors.

Worse still: Residents often must work a second job in a different field to support themselves.

Emigration: 50% of doctors seek to leave Iran and one-third would be willing to take jobs abroad unrelated to medicine. 

QUICK HITS A simple policy change could 鈥榚liminate鈥 snakebite deaths in the Amazon 鈥

A rare fungal infection was found in two cats in Kansas. The vet tech also got sick. 鈥

Three studies spotlight long-term burden of COVID in US adults 鈥

Researchers call for a revamped fungal priority list to combat regional disease burdens 鈥

CDC expected to alert doctors about fake Botox 鈥

About one-third of socially vulnerable women missing recommended mammograms, CDC says 鈥

Bernie Sanders calls for $1 billion for long-COVID moonshot 鈥 Issue No. 2514
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, and Jackie Powder. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Global Health Now - Wed, 04/10/2024 - 09:15
96 Global Health NOW: Arizona鈥檚 Antiquated Abortion Ban; Cameroon鈥檚 鈥楨pilepsy Warriors鈥 Battle Stigma; and A Chilly Start April 10, 2024 Abortion rights protesters chant during a rally at the Tucson Federal Courthouse in Tucson, Arizona, on July 4, 2022. Sandy Huffaker/AFP via Getty Arizona鈥檚 Antiquated Abortion Ban
The Arizona Supreme Court鈥檚 decision yesterday to effectively revive a 19th-century abortion ban further reshapes the landscape of U.S. reproductive rights鈥攁nd raises the stakes in an election year where abortion access is set to play a key role.

The basics: The near-total ban, which dates back to 1864, allows exceptions only to save the mother's life鈥攑lacing Arizona among the states with the strictest abortion laws, . 
  • The ruling came down in favor of an anti-abortion obstetrician and a county prosecutor, who sought to have the statute enforced after Arizona鈥檚 Democratic attorney general declined to do so.
An ongoing battle: Abortion rights advocates have collected signatures to create a November ballot measure, which would amend the state constitution to allow abortions up to fetal viability at 24 weeks, .
  • Abortion rights measures have succeeded each time they have been put on the ballot since 2022. 
The bigger picture: The ruling could have major implications for the presidential and U.S. Senate elections, as Arizona is a key battleground state, . 

Related: The Supreme Court will decide if states can ban lifesaving abortions 鈥 GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Contaminated cattle feed made from ground-up chicken waste could be the source of the H5N1 bird flu outbreak in the U.S., which has affected herds in six states.  

43.3% of people with a prior COVID-19 infection reported new long-term symptoms, compared with 22.1% without a history of infection, per a new of 238,828 blood donors published in JAMA Internal Medicine.

Limits on 鈥渇orever chemicals鈥 in U.S. drinking water for the first time by the EPA, which called the PFAS chemicals 鈥渉armful to our health and our environment.鈥

Using salt substitutes in cooking has been linked with improving cardiovascular health and a lower risk of death, per a of trials鈥攎ainly in China鈥攑ublished in journal Annals of Internal Medicine. NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES Cameroon鈥檚 鈥楨pilepsy Warriors鈥 Battle Stigma
Epilepsy has high prevalence in Cameroon鈥攂ut those who live with the condition are still often stigmatized as people who are 鈥渃ursed.鈥
  • 鈥淟ack of understanding as to why people suffer epilepsy makes them think that it is a spiritual problem,鈥 said human rights advocate Leo Igwe. 
Challenging the narrative: Volunteers with the Bamenda-based nonprofit Epilepsy Awareness, Aid and Research Foundation are seeking to shift cultural understandings of the condition by providing education and resources across Cameroon.
  • Many of the volunteer 鈥渆pilepsy warriors鈥 live with the condition themselves. 
GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES GENOCIDE Learning From Rwanda鈥檚 Tragedy
Thirty years after the genocide in Rwanda, researchers are gaining insights that could help to prevent future atrocities and enable healing.
 
Some hard-won lessons:
  • Involve and support local researchers: Rwanda鈥檚 genocide nearly erased its academic community; new programs aim to elevate local scholars鈥 voices.
  • Analyze the history behind the conflict to identify common themes among genocides.
  • Document and address intergenerational trauma and provide long-term support to survivors.
  • Elevate the voices of survivors, given that judicial inquiries focused so much on perpetrators.
Researchers are hopeful these findings can provide guidance for first responders, as well as those involved in peacebuilding and supporting survivors of other systematic mass murders and war.

VACCINES A Chilly Start 
This year, millions of doses of malaria vaccines will be administered across the tropical belt of sub-Saharan Africa with the help of solar-power refrigerators. 

The vaccines must be kept between 2C and 8C (36鈥46F)鈥攁 challenge in remote areas with inconsistent electrical grids. 

A cool development: Solar-powered, ice-lined fridges keep vaccines chilled without electricity for up to 115 hours in 43C (109.4F) heat. 

Impact: Thousands of fridges have been placed across sub-Saharan Africa, in preparation for the malaria immunization effort. 

OPPORTUNITY QUICK HITS 鈥楥hildren are being used as a football鈥: Hilary Cass on her review of gender identity services 鈥

Surveys spotlight pregnant women's drop in confidence over COVID vaccines 鈥

High burden of noma in the Gambella region of Ethiopia: a 12-year retrospective study on noma cases from the Facing Africa database 鈥

Could South Korea鈥檚 maternity retreats solve its population crisis? 鈥

An Academic Lifeline for Rural Hospitals 鈥

Giant viruses played a key role in early life, study in Yellowstone hot spring suggests 鈥

Baylor wins 2024 STAT Madness with 鈥榮moke alarm鈥 for viral disease outbreaks 鈥 Issue No. 2513
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, and Jackie Powder. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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Global Health Now - Tue, 04/09/2024 - 09:25
96 Global Health NOW: Viral Hepatitis Deaths Increasing; Public Health School Rankings; and the Explosive Toll of Landmines in Burma Viral hepatitis kills 3,500 people daily, despite better, cheaper tools. April 9, 2024 12-year-old Atyrgul Tagaibekova receives treatment for hepatitis at Zhugushtun Hospital, in Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan, on October 13, 2016. Jodi Hilton/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Viral Hepatitis Deaths Increasing  
Viral hepatitis is killing 3,500 people every day, despite the fact there are better options than ever for preventing, diagnosing, and treating the disease, .
  • 254 million: people living with hepatitis B.

  • 50 million: people living with hepatitis C.

  • 1.2 million: new hepatitis B infections in 2022.

  • ~1 million: new hepatitis C infections in 2022.
TB鈥檚 rival: Viral hepatitis caused 1.3 million deaths in 2022, claiming as many lives as tuberculosis, .
 
The problem: Even with better tools and falling product prices, deaths are increasing because too few people are getting diagnosed and treated, said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

Treatment lags:
  • Just 3% of those with chronic hepatitis B were receiving antiviral treatment by the end of 2022, .

  • Just 20% of people with hepatitis C were being treated by then.
Stigma鈥檚 role: Half of Europeans who have hepatitis B or C say they have difficulty telling others about it because of stigma, per a new survey that will be shared this week at the World Hepatitis Summit in Lisbon, . GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners   Russia鈥檚 military strikes on Ukraine鈥檚 Zaporizhzhya Nuclear Power Plant on Sunday didn鈥檛 cause obvious damage to critical nuclear safety or security systems but mark a 鈥渕ajor escalation鈥 in the level of danger facing the plant, the International Atomic Energy Agency warned.
 
Rising temperatures in Argentina are inducing mosquitoes to hatch earlier and reach cooler regions than before, driving the country's worst-yet outbreak of dengue fever, with 232,996 cases recorded so far this season鈥5X the same point a year ago.
 
An experimental liquid biopsy test detected 97% of stage I and II pancreatic cancers in 984 volunteers from China, Japan, South Korea, and the U.S.; the test zeros in on markers shed by tumors and could boost much-needed, earlier detection efforts鈥攂ut the early results, presented yesterday at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting, have not yet been published in a peer-reviewed journal.
 
U.S. patients from rural counties
had higher post-COVID-19 hospitalization death rates and trended toward higher readmission rates than those from urban counties, per a of 9,325 patients hospitalized from March 2020 to July 2022. EDUCATION Johns Hopkins Tops Rankings of U.S. Public Health Schools   
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health has again been named the top public health school in the U.S., based on peer-assessment rankings unveiled this morning by U.S. News & World Report.  
 
This year鈥檚 top 10 schools:
 
1. Johns Hopkins University
2. University of North Carolina鈥揅hapel Hill
3. Emory University
3. Harvard University
5. Columbia University
5. University of Michigan鈥揂nn Arbor
7. Boston University
7. University of Washington
9. University of California鈥揕os Angeles
10. University of California鈥揃erkeley

This year鈥檚 rankings include 213 schools and programs of public health accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health. 
  
鈥 GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES LANDMINES An Explosive Toll in Burma
Landmine casualties nearly tripled in Burma (Myanmar) last year as the nation鈥檚 civil war escalated, .
  • That means Burma now ranks among the world鈥檚 nations 鈥渕ost heavily contaminated鈥 with landmines.
Children are especially vulnerable, making up 20% of victims. 

By the numbers:
  • 188 people were killed and 864 wounded from buried bombs鈥攃ompared to 390 casualties in 2022. 
Ubiquitous usage: Landmines are being used by 鈥渁ll sides in the conflict,鈥 and are in every region except the nation鈥檚 capital, Naypyitaw.

  NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES 鈥楢ccelerated Aging鈥 and Cancer
As researchers struggle to understand why more young people are being diagnosed with cancer, they鈥檙e exploring a possible contributor: accelerated biological aging. 

Cancer is an 鈥渁ging disease鈥鈥攂ut age is more than accumulated years, explains Yin Cao, the lead author of a that examined the records of 148,724 people ages 37-54 in the U.K. 

Biological aging measures the physiological effect of genetics and 鈥渨ear and tear鈥 on the body鈥攎easured by looking at factors like white blood cell count, glucose levels, and levels of certain proteins and waste products in the body.
  • Accelerated aging was associated with an increased risk of lung, uterine, and gastrointestinal cancers. 
CORRECTION Bird Flu Fail
A one-liner in yesterday鈥檚 GHN about a incorrectly said they should look for H1N1 bird flu infections in people who have contact with cattle. It should have said H5N1. We regret the error. RESOURCES QUICK HITS Sickened by U.S. Nuclear Program, Communities Turn to Congress for Aid 鈥 (gift article)

Efforts to support Palestinian scientists struggle with the realities of war 鈥

Unauthorized ACA plan switches drive call for action against rogue agents 鈥

A paramedic was skeptical about this Rx for stopping repeat opioid overdoses. Then he saw it help. 鈥

Pfizer鈥檚 RSV vaccine shows potential to protect high-risk adults ages 18-59, widening possible use 鈥

New WIC rules include more money for fruits and veggies. They also expand food choices 鈥

ICYMI: Why isn鈥檛 dental health considered primary medical care? 鈥

How mosquito larva guts could help create highly specific insecticides 鈥

So You Looked Directly Into the Sun 鈥 Issue No. 2512
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, and Jackie Powder. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

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World Health Organization - Tue, 04/09/2024 - 08:00
The number of lives lost due to viral hepatitis infections is increasing and already accounts for 3,500 deaths daily, according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) released on Tuesday.
Categories: Global Health Feed

$10.6M grant supports innovative autism project

苹果淫院 Faculty of Medicine news - Mon, 04/08/2024 - 11:48
苹果淫院 Translational Platform in Autism Research will help uncover the disorders鈥 neural foundations

A new project at The Neuro, 苹果淫院 and the Research Institute of the 苹果淫院 Health Centre (RI-MUHC) has been awarded $10.6M in financial support as part of the Canada Foundation for Innovation鈥檚 (CFI) Innovation Fund.

Categories: Global Health Feed

Global Health Now - Mon, 04/08/2024 - 09:15
96 Global Health NOW: The 鈥楴arrow Window鈥 to Confront AMR; Hospitals Brace for Eclipse; and South Sudan鈥檚 Sight Saver Global life expectancy will fall by 1.8 years by 2035, if nothing is done about antimicrobial resistance. April 8, 2024 A container of EnCiprox sits on the ground at a poultry farm in Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, India. November 7, 2015. Dhiraj Singh/Bloomberg via Getty Images Getty The 鈥楴arrow Window鈥 to Confront Antimicrobial Resistance
World leaders must act now to address the major threat of drug-resistant infections鈥攐r the world faces a 鈥渄evastating future,鈥 according to a new by The Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance.
  • The report calls for a coordinated global response that is akin to agreements around climate change, 鈥攊ncluding an independent UN panel, targets in reducing AMR-related deaths and antibiotic usage; and increased surveillance.
The toll, if the status quo continues: An average loss of 1.8 years of global life expectancy by 2035鈥攚ith some low- and middle-income countries a 2.5-year drop.  

The Quote: 鈥淲e now have a narrow window of opportunity to mount a coordinated and multisectoral response to AMR,鈥 said Mia Amor Mottley, prime minister of Barbados and the chair of Global Leaders Group on Antimicrobial Resistance. 

Meanwhile, in India: One of the county鈥檚 major poultry producers, Venky鈥檚, is selling antibiotics to be used by farmers in ways that contribute to AMR, . 

Related: 

Surveillance study finds high levels of drug-resistant gonorrhea in Cambodia 鈥

Pioneering vaccine strategy promises to outmaneuver antimicrobial resistance 鈥嬧嬧 EDITOR鈥橲 NOTE GHN鈥檚 Late Delivery Friday   We apologize to loyal readers who were looking for GHN at the regular time on Friday; we had a technical issue that prevented us sending until afternoon Baltimore time.鈥Dayna GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES The Latest One-Liners
Most cancer drugs on an accelerated approval track with the U.S. FDA do not demonstrate life-extending or life-improving benefits after five years, .  

A new U.S. CDC advisory warns that health workers should be on alert for H1N1 bird flu in people who may have contracted it from cows; the advisory urges state health departments to rapidly analyze human cases鈥攁s outbreaks have now been detected in 16 dairy herds in six states.

A pineapple-flavored, oral-spray vaccine prevented recurrent urinary tract infections from returning for up to nine years in more than half of participants, of a safety and effectiveness follow-up study shared recently at the European Association of Urology Congress in Paris.
 
Malawi received a shipment of cholera rapid diagnostic test kits on Friday鈥攂ecoming the first country to benefit from a global program led by Gavi, WHO, UNICEF, and FIND to distribute 1.2 million kits to 14 high-risk countries; Ethiopia, Somalia, Syria, and Zambia are also on the list. DATA POINT ECLIPSE In the Path of Totality, Hospitals Brace Themselves
As millions of people in North America look to the skies for today鈥檚 total solar eclipse, hospitals are keeping a close eye on their staff lists and admissions numbers. 

What they鈥檙e worried about: Eye damage but also increased traffic accidents and potential for mass casualty events as an estimated 4 million people descend on cities and towns in the path of totality.
  • Hospitals located in these hotspots have spent months running emergency drills and coordinating with local officials. 

  • They have also struggled to bolster staff, as schools have been canceled and medical personnel have been dispatched to events to offer onsite assistance. 
Check out: HHS鈥檚 17-page eclipse . 



Related: 

Eclipse eye safety: How to safely see Monday's eclipse 鈥

Johns Hopkins Experts Discuss the Upcoming Total Solar Eclipse 鈥 GLOBAL HEALTH VOICES VISION South Sudan鈥檚 Sight Saver
South Sudan has the highest prevalence of active trachoma in Central Africa鈥攁nd it only has four ophthalmologists to serve the population of 12 million people. 

That鈥檚 why Aja Kuol never stops moving鈥攃risscrossing the country by car and plane to restore the vision to people beset with trachoma and cataracts.
  • The nation鈥檚 first female ophthalmologist, Kuol is committed to traveling to isolated regions: 鈥淲e can鈥檛 wait for people to come to us,鈥  she said. 
By the numbers: 4,700 people received sight-saving treatment from Kuol and her team In 2023. 

QUICK HITS Trump releases video outlining his stance on abortion 鈥

Quitting smoking could redirect 拢11bn a year into local economies, study says 鈥

鈥業鈥檓 a smoker 鈥 and I want stricter tobacco control鈥 鈥

A new AI app that claims to detect sexually transmitted infections is being widely panned 鈥

NHS testing initiative to eliminate hepatitis C in England by 2025 鈥

The time has come for over-the-counter antidepressants 鈥

Africa: Gender Equality Takes Center Stage at WomenLift Health Conference 鈥

Merck Continues the Fight against Schistosomiasis in a Storytelling Lab 鈥 Issue No. 2511
Global Health NOW is an initiative of Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

Contributors include Brian W. Simpson, MPH, Dayna Kerecman Myers, Annalies Winny, Morgan Coulson, Kate Belz, Melissa Hartman, and Jackie Powder. Write us: dkerecm1@jhu.edu, like us on and follow us on Instagram and X .

Please send the Global Health NOW free sign-up link to friends and colleagues:

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