苹果淫院

The title page of the听new Oxford edition of Shakespeare's three听Henry VI听plays will, for the first time ever, include the words "by听William听Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe".听Most people have heard of Shakespeare's hunchback king听Richard III. Perhaps not everyone knows that Richard III is actually the fourth part of a longer cycle of Shakespearean plays that starts with Henry VI Parts 1, 2 and听3.听Although听scholars听have long suspected that Part One might be听the work of several authors, this is the first time that听Christopher Marlowe has been named as a co-author.

Christopher Marlowe is best known today as the author of the tragedy Doctor Faustus. He was born in 1564, the same year as Shakespeare. When the听Henry VI plays were written, that is, in the early 1590s and听at very near the beginning of Shakespeare's career, Marlowe was actually the more famous of two playwrights. Sadly, Marlowe's brilliant career was cut short when he was murdered at the age of 29.听

A fringe group of scholars have contended for decades that the Shakespearean canon must have been听飞谤颈迟迟别苍听by someone better educated and of nobler origins than Shakespeare. But this latest attribution is not claiming that听all of Shakespeare's plays were听the work of听another writer, not does it rely on details of the author's biography to support its conclusions. Instead, the听team of 23 scholars from five countries听used statistical methods to analyze groupings of words, known as n-grams. Their technique was to compare听the n-grams of these plays听to other works known to be written by听a particular author, and thereby determine which sentences and scenes were more likely to be the work of which writer. For example, the bigram "glory droopeth" appears in a scene in Henry VI Part One but听nowhere else in any听Shakespearean text. Indeed, the only other play where it does occur, according to these authors, was one听by Marlowe. Perhaps more tellingly, these combinations of a positive noun and a more negative verb are characteristic of Marlowe's style but not of Shakespeare's. An accumulation of many such clues听have led to these authors' identifying Marlowe as the plays' co-author.

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