Building tailor-made DNA nanotubes step by step
Researchers at 苹果淫院 have developed a new, low-cost method to build DNA nanotubes block by block 鈥� a breakthrough that could help pave the way for scaffolds made from DNA strands to be used in applications such as optical and electronic devices or smart drug-delivery systems.
Many researchers, including the 苹果淫院 team, have previously constructed nanotubes using a method that relies on spontaneous assembly of DNA in solution. The new technique, reported today in Nature Chemistry, promises to yield fewer structural flaws than the spontaneous-assembly method. The building-block approach also makes it possible to better control the size and patterns of the DNA structures, the scientists report.
鈥淛ust like a Tetris game, where we manipulate the game pieces with the aim of creating a horizontal line of several blocks, we can now build long nanotubes block by block,鈥� said Amani Hariri, a PhD student in 苹果淫院鈥檚 Department of Chemistry and lead author of the study. 鈥淏y using a fluorescence microscope we can further visualize the formation of the tubes at each stage of assembly, as each block is tagged with a fluorescent compound that serves as a beacon. We can then count the number of blocks incorporated in each tube as it is constructed.鈥�
This new technique was made possible by the development in recent years of single-molecule microscopy, which enables scientists to peer into the nano-world by turning the fluorescence of individual molecules on and off. (That groundbreaking work won three U.S.- and German-based scientists the 2014 Nobel Prize in Chemistry.)
Hariri鈥檚 research is jointly supervised by chemistry professors Gonzalo Cosa and Hanadi Sleiman, who co-authored the new study. Cosa鈥檚 research group specializes in single-molecule fluorescence techniques, while Sleiman鈥檚 uses DNA chemistry to design new materials for drug delivery and diagnostic tools.
The custom-built assembly technique developed through this collaboration 鈥済ives us the ability to monitor the nanotubes as we鈥檙e building them, and see their structure, robustness and morphology,鈥� Cosa said.
鈥淲e wanted to control the nanotubes鈥� lengths and features one-by-one,鈥� said Sleiman, who holds the Canada Research Chair in DNA Nanoscience. The resulting 鈥渄esigner nanotubes,鈥� she adds, promise to be far cheaper to produce on a large scale than those created with so-called DNA origami, another innovative technique for using DNA as a nanoscale construction material.
Funding for the research was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, NanoQu茅bec, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Fonds de recherch茅 du Qu茅bec 鈥� Nature et technologies.
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听鈥淪tepwise growth of surface-grafted DNA nanotubes visualized at the single-molecule level,鈥� Amani A. Hariri et al, Nature Chemistry, published online 23 February 2015,
DOI: 10.1038/NCHEM.2184
IMAGE: In the new method for building nanotubes, blocks tagged with a fluorescent dye are incorporated step by step, enabling researchers to monitor formation of the structures as they are constructed.听CREDIT:听Graham D. Hamblin听
Feature credit:听Melanie Burger
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