Are scientists studying the wrong kind of mice?
Mice represent well over half of the non-human subjects of biomedical research, and the vast majority of those mice are inbred. Formed by generation after generation of mating between brothers and sisters, inbred mice are genetically identical to each other, like twins or clones. Inbreeding is well known to reduce health and vigor across species; this biological fact is the reason that incest is a universal taboo. Although inbred mice have specific and important uses in genetics and immunology, the main reason they are preferred over more robust 鈥渙utbred鈥� mice is precisely because they don鈥檛 differ genetically. A general assumption shared among scientists is that data collected using inbred mice will feature less variability, leading to faster, cheaper, and more powerful experiments.
A new study published November 30 in Nature Methods shows that this assumption is false. Researchers at 苹果淫院 analyzed previously published scientific papers from across the biomedical literature that used both inbred and outbred mice in the same experiments. After comparing the variability among individual inbred and outbred mice, the team failed to find any differences across a wide range of physical and behavioral traits.
The team was also able to directly test their hypothesis through collaboration with members of The Jackson Laboratory in Bar Harbor, Maine, using new, high-diversity outbred populations of mice. Lead author Alexander Tuttle, of the University of North Carolina Neuroscience Centre at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill was very surprised by these results: 鈥淭his is a perfect example of a reasonable scientific expectation that turns out to be incorrect. Although inbred mice are less genetically variable than outbreds, they demonstrate the same amount of variability in almost any observable measure.
Based on our findings, I suspect that mouse researchers will increasingly use outbred animals.鈥� Senior author Jeffrey Mogil added, 鈥淲e鈥檝e known for a long time that inbred mice are small and breed terribly, and strongly suspected that this means they鈥檙e not really 鈥榥ormal鈥�, but we鈥檝e always thought we were making a fair trade-off, getting 鈥榯ighter鈥� data. If that鈥檚 not true, then there鈥檚 really no contest. Outbred mice are more robust. Why wouldn鈥檛 you use them?鈥�
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Comparing phenotypic variation between inbred and outbred mice, by Alexander H. Tuttle, Vivek M. Philip, Elissa J. Chesler and Jeffrey S. Mogil is published in Nature Methods,